Objects to move

• some of the easiest sounds to make
• give you an extra split second to decide what to say next
• helps you keep speaking, rather than leaving a pause where someone else could take over
• They can also give listeners time to process the information being spoken
• can increase the listener’s memory for the word that comes after “um”.
• harder to follow conversations when fillers aren’t used.
• they can be said without a great deal of thought too
• looked down on as sloppy or meaningless … a sign of uncertainty, stupidity or weakness,